Promoting Women‘s and LGBTQ Rights Through Labor Provisions [2.3162]
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.56754/2735-7236.2023.3162Keywords:
United States-Mexico-Canada Agreement, USMCA, Free Trade Agreements (FTA), gender provisions, LGBTQ rightsAbstract
Art. 23.9 USMCA has attracted a great deal of attention among trade experts and LGBTQ scholars during the renegotiation of NAFTA. This article examines the provision’s genesis, with an emphasis on the US-negotiators’ last-minute changes and their impact on the scope and implementation of Art. 23.9. It finds a serious reduction of commitment in contrast to the initial draft. However, the article argues that even the footnote –allegedly excluding any new US domestic policy changes– still provides a new level of LGBTQ employment protection. Lastly, it emphasizes a possible expressive function of Art. 23.9 in light of the entire USMCA.
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Copyright (c) 2023 Eva Marie Janke
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
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The journal is published under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
